丙烯酸酯橡胶耐有机溶剂及耐油性的研究

采用平衡溶胀法测定了日本瑞翁公司生产的活氯型丙烯酸酯橡胶(AR840)在24种不同有机溶剂中的溶胀行为,得到了AR840的一维溶解度参数值,其范围在18~23(MPa)^1/2之间。进一步用汉森三维溶解度参数软件(HSPiP)对溶胀数据进行分析研究,得到AR840三维溶解度参数值,色散分量(δ_d)、极性分量(δ_p)和氢键分量(δ_h)分别为18.20、8.70、3.60(MPa)^1/2。结果表明,AR840与24种溶剂存在着能量差(R_a),AR840与溶剂的溶胀比随着它们之间的Ra值的变化呈现反“S”型曲线,借助Ra的大小可以表征AR840在有机溶剂中的溶胀特性,能相对准确地表征丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)耐有机溶剂及耐油性能,对耐有机溶剂及耐油ACM的配方设计有一定的指导意义。     

生物质硅炭增强改性氢化丁腈橡胶的性能及老化规律

以生物质硅炭(Si/CB)取代部分N550炭黑为补强剂、HNBR为基体制备了生物质硅炭改性的HNBR复合材料。研究了硅炭对HNBR的补强行为,高温真空介质中橡胶的热老化行为及主链老化结构的演变。与传统炭黑的增强效果相比,生物质硅炭增强的HNBR表现出更好的韧性、撕裂强度、较低的永久变形及高温力学性能。160℃下老化20 d,材料的拉伸强度保持率大于100%,生物质硅炭表现出较好的耐老化能力。链接-CN官能团的α-碳原子高温下易均裂氢原子生成自由基,连续加氢还原使-C■N转化为-C■NH,直至形成化学交联结构,导致橡胶的玻璃化转变温度升高。氢化丁腈的CN含量越低,耐老化能力越突出。依据分子主链老化的结构演变信息,提出了HNBR的可能老化机理。     

丁腈橡胶硫化反应动力学研究

设计了促进剂A 4种不同用量的丁腈橡胶配方;基于配方,先利用密炼机将丁腈橡胶、硬脂酸和ZnO混炼,再利用开炼机加入硫黄、促进剂和防老剂,再利用无转子硫化仪分别测试了160℃、170℃和180℃下胶料硫化曲线;基于硫化曲线计算出了每组配方胶料硫化反应速率常数K和活化能Ea。结果表明,在焦烧期时,NBR硫化反应为非一级反应,真正的一级反应开始于硫化速率达到最大时,即tdis;焦烧期后的反应可分为2个阶段且遵循一级动力学反应规律。     

基于改进YOLOv3算法的钢板缺陷检测

针对目前钢板缺陷检测精度和速度的不足,提出了一种改进的YOLOv3检测算法。首先使用小波-中值滤波处理缺陷图像,清除图像里的噪声使图像更平滑。然后在原有网络中的密集连接网络(Darknet-53)上增加一个尺度输出增强算法对小目标缺陷的识别能力。最后为了增强算法模型的准确性对算法原有的损失函数进行优化,得到改进版的YOLOv3算法模型。改进的算法在测试集上的mAP值可以达到64.31,比原有的YOLOv3网络提高了7.9,结果表明了改进算法在钢板缺陷上具有较好的检测效果。     

Degradable Superhydrophilic Iron-Pillared Bentonite Doped with Polybutylene Adipate/Terephthalate Open-Cell Foam: Its Application in Dye Degradation,Removal of Heavy Metal Ions,and Oil–Water Separation

Development of industrialization has brought convenience to people's lives; however, it has also brought serious harm to the environment, where, water pollution is the most obvious. Here, a polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) open-cell foam doped with iron-pillared bentonite (IPB) is prepared by using sugar as a pore-forming agent and solution phase separation, and then combined with a solution dipping method to coat the foam surface with a polyacrylamide/SiO₂, which makes the PBAT foam superhydrophilic. The static adsorption effect of superhydrophilic IPB-doped PBAT open-cell foam on methylene blue (MB) and Cu²⁺ is studied. The adsorption isotherm fitting shows that the adsorption conforms to the Langmuir model and it has biased toward monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics fitting confirms that the adsorption process is in line with the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, which is dominated by chemical adsorption. The modified PBAT open-cell foam has an adsorption effect on Cu²⁺; however, it has weak cyclic adsorption capacity. It shows a good cyclic adsorption ability for the cationic dye MB and it has >95% photodegradation efficiency of the MB after five time's cyclic adsorption. The superhydrophilicity makes the foam to have better applications in oil–water separation.     

3D Printing Conductive Composites with Poly(ionic liquid) as a Noncovalent Intermedia to Fabricate Carbon Circuits

In this study, a kind of imidazole type poly(ionic liquid) ([PEP-MIM]Cl) is synthesized, which can disperse carbon effectively. [PEP-MIM]Cl is used as an intermediate to coat carbon on the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA-co-MBA) via ion exchange to obtain conductive polymer composite (CPC). A series of characterizations are performed. Experiments show that carbon can be coated on the PAA-co-MBA uniformly, and compared with using carbon as filler, this method requires less carbon to achieve good conductive performance. The carbon layer on the polymer's surface is enriched via the swelling-shrinking properties of PAA-co-MBA according to the SEM images. Furthermore, in combination with 3D printing technology, PAA-co-MBA can be designed into different shapes to achieve various functions such as pressure-sensing element. Finally, a new type of CPC named carbon clad polymeric laminate (CCPL) is prepared by using the carbon coating method and 3D printing technology. It has the potential to replace copper clad laminate (CCL) and printed circuit board (PCB), to a certain extent. This technology expands the preparation method and application of the CPC such as flexible and wearable conductive fabrics.     

某型飞机主起落架轮毂探伤方法

1研究的现状与趋势起落架用来支撑飞机和便于飞机在地面运动,是飞机受力较大的部件,其工作的好坏,直接影响飞机的起飞、着陆性能和飞行安全。近年来,某型飞机主起落架轮毂在使用中多次发现裂纹,有的甚至是穿透性裂纹,造成重大安全隐患,严重威胁飞行安全。目前对该型轮毂尚无切实可行的检查手段。为保证飞行安全,急需一种可行、可靠、无需分解轮毂就可进行探伤的原位检测方法。2探伤方法研究2.1轮毂形状分析该型轮毂由镁合金制成。为了便于拆装轮胎,它分为主体和活动轮缘(两个半圆环)两部分。活动轮缘卡在主体的凸边上,用两个螺栓固定,因此不…     

等离子原位合成Ni-Al金属间化合物涂层的组织与性能研究

利用等离子激发原位反应在碳钢表面合成了Ni-A1金属问化合物涂层。借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对涂层的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明：当Ni和Al的质量百分比为4：1时，涂层与基体呈冶金结合，无裂纹和气孔等缺陷；涂层的主要组成相为NiAl和NiAl；涂层组织为细密的树枝晶；涂层的硬度高于基体，硬度可达630HV；涂层耐蚀性能良好。     

土壤中阴离子对碳钢腐蚀的影响

应用弱极化曲线技术和交流阻抗谱研究了土壤中C1-、SO4^2-、CO3^2-、NO3-离子对碳钢腐蚀的影响。结果表明：阴离子对碳钢腐蚀的影响是显著的。当土壤中分别添加Cl-、CO3^2-、NO3-离子时，随着阴离子含量的增大，碳钢的腐蚀速率增大，在某一离子含量时，腐蚀速率达到最大，然后腐蚀速率随着离子含量的增加而减小。在含SO4^2-离子的土壤中随着SO4^2-离子含量的增大，土壤中碳钢的腐蚀速率增大。在有四种阴离子土壤中，阻抗谱均为单容抗弧，且大都在低频区出现扩散弧。     

不同形貌Ga2O3纳米材料可控合成工艺研究

通过研究基片种类、加热温度、保温时间、冷却速度及是否加入催化剂等不同工艺参数对低维Ga2O3，纳米材料形貌的影响，确定出合成5种不同形貌β-Ga2O3纳米材料的工艺条件。场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）表明5种不同形貌α-Ga2O3纳米材料分别为纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米环及纳米片。X射线衍射（X-ray）分析结果表明不同形貌纳米材料均为晶格常数日=1．223nm，b=0．304nm，c=0．58nm，a=90°，β=103．7°，γ=90°的单斜晶系β-Ga2O3晶体。